Little Known Tampa: Culturally Diverse and Exciting!

When you come to Tampa, you’ll find examples of good planning, fabulous natural areas, and appealing urban spaces. Here are some things to keep in mind:

Florida and the Tampa Bay area are—or at least were—national leaders in growth management

Beginning in the late 1970s and culminating in the Growth Management Act of 1985, the state of Florida had one of the nation’s most fully articulated statewide planning regimes. Perhaps because Floridians had experienced firsthand the problems of rapid growth without much planning, the state legislature created measures to ensure that each county and municipality engaged in long term planning, that large regional projects were reviewed by regional planning agencies, and that state officials would be charged with upholding plans. Transportation, water resources, and coastal concerns were all taken into account when new developments were proposed. Growth management hardly stopped development – Florida’s population grew from 9.7 million in 1980 to just over 19 million in 2012, with new single family housing accommodating much of that growth. But under the state’s growth management laws, some of the sins of the 1960s and 1970s – houses constructed without attendant municipal services in place, unrestrained draining of wetlands, and inattention to water resource limits – were contained. Unfortunately, important parts of these Growth Management laws were overturned in 2011. The full impact of this retreat has not yet been felt; thanks to the recession, demand for new construction has been limited. But once demand picks up, the flight from comprehensive planning is likely to be felt, especially in the less urban parts of the state.

Tampa Demographics

White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic) 62.9%
(Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian) 46.3%
Black or African-American 26.2%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 23.1%
Asian 3.4%
Native American or Native Alaskan 0.4%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 0.1%
Two or more races (Multiracial) 3.2%
Source: US Census Bureau

Tampa has an industrial history

Incorporated in 1849, Tampa, unlike many Sunbelt cities, emerged as an industrial center. Between 1865 and World War II, Tampa was a key center of the cigar industry. The cities (and now neighborhoods within Tampa) of Ybor City and West Tampa both developed around cigar manufacturing, drawing streams of immigrants to work in the factories. Tampa has a tradition of union activism having experienced several general strikes in the early decades of the last century. Its racially and ethnically diverse population has a tradition of immigrant social clubs and mutual benefit societies that provided cultural and material resources to working class residents. The built legacy of these traditions can be found throughout these communities. The Cuban Club, the German-American Club and the Italian Club are a few of the early 20th century establishments whose buildings have been preserved. And the former cigar factories remain distinctive features of the central Tampa built environment. While some of these sit vacant, others have been repurposed for other industrial uses or converted to condos and offices. Those interested in exploring Tampa history can do so in Ybor City, either by taking advantage of the programs of the Ybor City Museum (www.ybormuseum.org ), or by strolling through the neighborhood.

 Tampa has rediscovered its downtown waterfront

Among the most striking characteristics of our area are its water features. Parts of Tampa and all of Pinellas County (location of St. Petersburg) are defined by their rivers, bays and oceans. But until recently, Tampa was largely cut off from its waterfront. In an earlier era, river and bayfront areas were dominated by industrial, port and transportation infrastructure, but as those uses have receded (the Port of Tampa remains quite active, but other waterfront industries are gone), Tampa was slow to recognize the value of its waterfront for recreation and the development of other amenities. One of the major commercial developments in the downtown area, the Channelside shopping/entertainment center, is located directly on the water, next to the Tampa port facilities, and it has been ingeniously designed so that those visiting the development have no contact with the water at all – no access, no vistas. Perhaps that helps explain why the development has gone bankrupt.

But more recent downtown planning has embraced the waterfront location. A “Riverwalk” has been under development now across two mayoral administrations; a recent federal grant will accelerate its completion (www.thetampariverwalk.com ). Those of you visiting downtown Tampa will have the opportunity to enjoy the water at some new locations. The Tampa Bay History Center opens onto a waterfront plaza (https://www.tampabayhistorycenter.org/ ). The newly renovated Curtis Hixon Park, at the other end of the downtown peninsula, is a well-designed, inviting urban space flanked by the newly built Tampa Museum of Art (https://tampamuseum.org/ ). With food kiosks, fountains and children’s play areas, it’s the sort of urban gathering point that this city has lacked for too long. These new spaces signal the success of fledgling coalitions of elected officials, civic activists and business leaders who share an appreciation for appealing design and pedestrian-friendly urban environments.

Ride the TECO trolley

Like too many Sunbelt cities, Tampa once had a dense network of light rail lines, most of which were bought up by bus companies and dismantled by the late 1940s. But a trolley line was resurrected recently; it runs a loop connecting the downtown/Channelside area with Ybor City (https://www.tecolinestreetcar.org/). The embattled trolley line has struggled to maintain ridership; critics claim its empty cars are proof that this region will never embrace mass transit while defenders note that its limited route makes it useful mostly to visitors or the rare resident whose home and work happen to be near one if its stops. But those of you staying at one of the conference hotels are well positioned to use the trolley for your explorations.

There’s much in this area that transcends the generic – the newly opened bike and pedestrian bridge that traverses Tampa Bay along the Courtney Campbell Causeway; one of baseball’s best teams (the Tampa Bay Rays) playing in one of baseball’s worst stadiums (Tropicana Field); the annual invasion of the city by sea led by business and civic leaders dressed as pirates (the Gasparilla Festival) and the annual crowning of a “Strawberry Queen” in nearby Plant City. If you want to learn more about what the region offers, you can read all about it the highly regarded Tampa Bay Times (www.tampabay.com), one of the last independently owned metro area newspapers. We urge you to explore the area and learn that it has a diverse array of historic places, quirky areas, and scenic spots. ♦

Elizabeth Strom
University of South Florida

DOI: 10.14433/2013.0024

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New Books: December 2018

Every month the AAG compiles a list of newly-published books in geography and related areas. Some are selected for review in the AAG Review of Books.

Publishers are welcome to send new volumes to the Editor-in-Chief (Kent Mathewson, Editor-in-Chief, AAG Review of BooksDepartment of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803).

Anyone interested in reviewing these or other titles should also contact the Editor-in-Chief.

PLEASE NOTE: Due to current public health policies which have prompted the closing of most offices, we are unable to access incoming books at this time. We are working on a solution during this transition and will continue our new books processing as soon as we can. In the meantime, please feel free to peruse previous books from our archived lists.

December 2018

Alfred Wegener: Science, Exploration, and the Theory of Continental Drift by Mott T. Greene (Johns Hopkins University Press 2018)

Bodies as Evidence: Security, Knowledge, and Power by Mark Maguire, Ursula Rao, Nils Zurawski (eds.) (Duke University Press 2018)

Coffee: From Bean to Barista by Robert W. Thurston (Rowman and Littlefield 2018)

Doreen Massey: Critical Dialogues by Marion Werner, Jamie Peck, Rebecca Lave, Brett Christophers (Agenda Publishing 2018)

The Doreen Massey Reader by Brett Christophers, Rebecca Lave, Jamie Peck, Marion Werner (eds.) (Agenda Publishing 2018)

The Geography of Scientific Collaboration by Agnieszka Olechnicka, Adam Ploszaj, Dorota Celińska-Janowicz (Routledge 2018)

Giving Back: Research and Reciprocity in Indigenous Settings by R. D. K. Herman (Oregon State University Press 2018)

Greening the City: Urban Landscapes in the Twentieth Century by Dorothee Brantz and Sonja Duempelmann (eds.) (University of Virginia Press 2019)

Handbook on the Geographies of Corruption by Barney Warf (ed.) (Edward Elgar Publishing 2018)

Metropolitan Denver: Growth and Change in the Mile High City by Andrew R. Goetz and E. Eric Boschmann (University of Pennsylvania Press 2018)

Neighborhood by Emily Talen (Oxford University Press 2018)

Other Geographies: The Influences of Michael Watts by Sharad Chari, Susanne Freidberg, Vinay Gidwani, Jesse Ribot, Wendy Wolford (eds.) (Wiley-Blackwell 2017)

Portuguese Decolonization in the Indian Ocean World by Pamila Gupta (Bloomsbury Academic 2018)

The Promise of the East: Nazi Hopes and Genocide, 1939-43 by Christian Ingrao (Polity 2019)

The Torrid Zone: Caribbean Colonization and Cultural Interaction in the Long Seventeenth Centuryby L. H. Roper (ed.) (University of South Carolina Press 2018)

Unsettled Waters: Rights, Law, and Identity in the American West by Eric P. Perramond (University of California Press 2018)

WikiLeaking: The Ethics of Secrecy and Exposure by Christian Cotton and Robert Arp (eds.) (Open Court 2019)

A World of Many Worlds by Marisol de la Cadena, Mario Blaser (eds.) (Duke University Press 2018)

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Newsletter – December 2018

PRESIDENT’S COLUMN

Paradise Lost, Global Warming Report, and Geographers Speak Up

By Sheryl Luzzadder-Beach

As AAG President, Dr. Luzzadder-Beach, notes, recently we have marked the occasion of the containment of devastating fires in California and the publication of the Fourth National Assessment on climate change. In light of these events, she ends her column with hope, thanking those who have contributed abstracts to the AAG Annual Meeting and wishing everyone a “peaceful and rejuvenating holiday season.”

(Photo: CC by-SA 4.0 by Cyclonebiskit)

Continue Reading.

ANNUAL MEETING

Colwell_Rita-by-Sam-Kittne

AAG Names Rita Colwell as the 2019 Honorary Geographer

Every year the AAG bestows its Honorary Geographer Award on an exceptional leader, to recognize excellence in the arts, research, teaching, and writing on geographic topics by non-geographers. The AAG has named Rita Colwell, the first woman to be director of the National Science Foundation (NSF), as its 2019 AAG Honorary Geographer. Rita Colwell currently is a distinguished university professor at the University of Maryland at College Park and at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. A pioneer for women in science, Colwell’s internationally recognized research primarily focuses on water and health with particular focus on cholera and infectious disease.

Learn more about the Honorary Geographer.

Career Mentors Needed

career-mentors-300x200-1The advice of a mentor can be instrumental in preparing young geographers for success in today’s competitive job market. The AAG seeks professional geographers representing the business, government, nonprofit and academic sectors to serve as volunteer Career Mentors during the 2019 AAG Annual Meeting in Washington, DC.

Career Mentoring sessions will be held each morning of the conference from 10:00 – 11:40 AM in the Jobs & Careers Center. Mentors are expected to answer questions and provide general career advice to students and job seekers interested in learning more about industries that employ geographers, the work geographers perform and strategies for getting into the field.

For additional questions and to volunteer, please contact Mark Revell at the AAG at mrevell [at] aag [dot] org by February 15th, 2019.

More information about the Jobs & Careers Center.

 

“Focus on Washington, DC and the Mid Atlantic” is an ongoing series curated by the Local Arrangements Committee to provide insight on and understanding of the geographies of Washington, DC and the greater Mid Atlantic region in preparation for the 2019 AAG Annual Meeting.

 

The Chesapeake Bay: Destruction and Rehabilitation in the Nation’s Largest Estuary

A voyage on a traditional Hawaiian voyaging canoe provides the setting for RDK Herman of the National Museum of the American Indian to discuss recovery efforts in the Chesapeake Bay and on Tangier Island. The Bay, the largest estuary in the United States, illustrates the ecological challenges facing coastal areas with regards to resource management and anthropogenic change. (Photo credit: Nà’Àlehu Anthony for Oiwi TV)

Read more.

Poster abstracts for #aagDC due January 31! All abstracts editable until February 23

Present a poster at the 2019 AAG Annual Meeting. As soon as your poster is ready, upload the electronic file to our Poster Portal so it can be viewed online well before and beyond your presentation session. In addition, the AAG has set up printing partnerships for discounts on both paper and fabric poster printing to help you save.

PUBLICATIONS

NEW Issue of the Professional Geographer:
Articles featuring Venezuela to Oman; Graffiti Abatement to GIS Education

The latest issue of The Professional Geographer is now available (Vol 70, Issue 4, November 2018) with 13 new research articles on wide-ranging topics in geography. Topics include refugeesredistrictinggraffiti abatementcivil rights movements, and GIS education (to name but a few). Study areas include TorontoVenezuelaNew JerseyOman, and New Zealand. Authors are from 19 different institutions including: University of WarsawUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro, and China University of Geosciences.

All AAG members have full online access to all issues of The Professional Geographer through the Members Only page. In every issue, the editors choose one article to make freely available for two months. In this issue you can read Congressional Redistricting: Keeping Communities Together? by Kalyn M. Rossiter, Davis W. S. Wong, and Paul L. Delamater.

Questions about The Professional Geographer? Contact profgeog [at] aag [dot] org.

In addition to the most recently published journal, read the latest issue of the other AAG journals online:

• Annals of the American Association of Geographers
• The Professional Geographer
• GeoHumanities
• The AAG Review of Books

New Books in Geography – November Available! 

New-books1-1This month, the list of new books includes books dealing with political subjects such as authoritarianism, populism, and fascism; manuscripts about Latin America; and texts with subjects as varied as bodies and sea otters. Skim the list to see if there are any of interest or consider reviewing them for the AAG Review of Books.

Browse the whole list of new books.

ASSOCIATION NEWS

AAG is Proud to Announce the 2019 AAG Honors

honors and awards

Each year, the AAG invites nominations for AAG Honors to be conferred in recognition of outstanding contributions to the advancement or welfare of the profession. The AAG Honors Committee is charged with making award recommendations for each category, with no more than two awards given in any one category. The AAG is proud to officially announce the 2019 AAG Honors. Formal recognition of the Honorees will occur at the Awards Luncheon at the 2019 AAG Annual Meeting.

See the Honorees.

Spring Council Meeting Minutes Published

Interested in hearing more about the inner workings of the AAG? Curious to know more about the latest initiatives started by the AAG Council? The 2018 Spring Council Meeting Minutes are now available to read online.

POLICY UPDATE

Tim Walz: Former Geography Teacher, Minnesota’s Next Governor

Last month, Congressman and former high school geography teacher Tim Walz (D-MN) concluded a hard-fought campaign and was successful in his bid for governor of Minnesota. He will assume statewide office in January 2019 with a strong history of support for geography and education broadly. During his six terms in Congress representing the southern part of Minnesota, Rep. Walz championed a number of bills to bolster public education policy.

The AAG has been proud to count Rep. Walz as an ally of geography in Congress and we look forward to following his career of continued service. Congratulations, Governor-elect Walz!

GIS Day Resolution

Under the leadership of Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-UT) the Senate passed a resolution officially designating November 15th as National GIS Day. In a recent press release, Sen. Hatch recognized the GIS Day Resolution as well as the successful passage of the Geospatial Data Act. Click here to read the press release, which includes the following statement from Doug Richardson on behalf of the AAG:

“The American Association of Geographers thanks Senators Hatch and Warner for the opportunity to work together to shape and pass the Geospatial Data Act (GDA). This legislation will save US taxpayers millions of dollars as it allows government agencies to better coordinate with one another, to prevent duplication, and to procure geospatial expertise, technology, services, and data from across the full range of the dynamic and rapidly growing US geographic and geospatial community.”

MEMBER NEWS

Profiles of Professional Geographers

As an Environmental Consultant with Crouch Environmental Services, Inc., Amanda Sankey uses knowledge and skills from her geography degree to help development projects ensure that they are using the most sustainable practices available. More than that, Sankey talks about how geography is integral not only to her career, but her daily life as well in this month’s profile on professional geographers.

Learn more about geography careers.

December Member Updates

The latest news about AAG Members.

Former AAG president Glen MacDonald recently assisted with several reports on the California wildfires despite evacuation from his home. He was featured in a video interview on ABC Nightline as well as in articles in The Daily Beast and Newsweek where he discusses the role of climate change in wildfire generation.

Helga Leitner of UCLA was awarded the Österreichische Ehrenzeichen f. Wissenschaft und Kunst, an Austrian Decoration for Sciences and the Arts, the highest in Austria. She is one of two women and the only geographer to be included. The role of the group of 18 scientists and 18 artists is to discuss societal issues and problems from the perspective of the sciences and the arts, advising the Austrian president and communicating these to the larger public.

Order recent title ‘Geography: why it matters’ by Alexander Murphy and save 20%. John Agnew, UCLA, describes it as ‘A wonderful brief guide to the uses of geography as a field of study at a time when it is all too necessary.’ As a subject concerned with how people, environments, and places are organized and interconnected, geography provides a critical window into where things happen, why they happen where they do, and how geographic context influences environmental processes and human affairs. These perspectives make the study of geography more relevant than ever, yet it remains little understood. In this engrossing book, Alexander Murphy explains why geography is so important to the current moment, and he invites readers to ‘think geographically’, casting a new light on familiar problems. November 2018, Paperback, 9781509523016, 184 pages, $12.95 $10.36. *Use promo code P2018 when ordering through politybooks.com (offer valid until 31st December 2018).

Dr. Shouraseni Sen Roy of University of Miami recently published a paper based on research conducted with funds obtained from receiving a 2017 AAG Research Grant. The paper, published in Weather, is entitled “Spatial patterns of seasonal level trends of groundwater in India during 2002–2016.”

RESOURCES AND OPPORTUNITIES

AAG Seeks Professional Geographers for the Powerful Geography Initiative

The National Center for Research in Geography Education (NCRGE)’s Powerful Geography Initiative strives to improve awareness and appreciation of geography’s applicability to student preparation for life, work, and citizenship. One major goal of the study is to gather evidence of how geographic knowledge informs and enhances work and civic engagements in communities across the nation. The AAG invites professional geographers with an undergraduate or graduate geography degree who are working in all areas of business, government, nonprofit or academics to participate in this study.

Participate in the research initiative.

Applications for Editor of ‘The Professional Geographer’ due January 10

The AAG seeks a new editor to lead The Professional Geographer for a four year term starting on July 1, 2019. The new editor will oversee the solicitation, review, and publication of scholarly articles for the journal as well as work with the AAG Council to envision, articulate, and implement a fresh future direction for the journal to expand its reach and enhance its impact.

See the full call.

Upcoming Awards Deadlines – Nominate Deserving Geographers!

December 31st marks the deadline for multiple awards to honor and support geographers in all stages of their careers. Members may nominate their colleagues for the Wilbanks Award for transformational research in geography or the Glenda Laws Award for social justice as well as the AAG E. Willard and Ruby S. Miller Award for contributions to geography in teaching or research. Students can apply for AAG Dissertation Research Grants and the Hess Community College Geography Scholarship. Those with a geography career are invited to apply for an AAG Research Grant. Nominations are also being solicited for a variety of books in geography awards including the Globe Book Award, the Jackson Prize, and the Meridian Book Award.

Follow the AAG Awards Calendar for Deadlines.

IN MEMORIAM

Otis W. Templar, Jr.

The AAG was saddened to hear of the passing of Otis W. Templar, Jr. on May 8, 2018 in his home city of Lubbock, Texas. The first permanent geography faculty hired at Texas Tech University in 1968, he went on to help found the department where he taught for over 45 years. Holding both a J.D. and a PhD, his research focused on arid lands and water law.

Read more.

GEOGRAPHERS IN THE NEWS
EVENTS CALENDAR
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AAG is Proud to Announce the 2019 AAG Honors

Each year, the AAG invites nominations for AAG Honors to be conferred in recognition of outstanding contributions to the advancement or welfare of the profession. The AAG Honors Committee is charged with making award recommendations for each category, with no more than two awards given in any one category.  This year, the AAG Honors Committee and the AAG Council are pleased to announce the following AAG Honorees to be recognized during the 2019 AAG Annual Meeting Awards Luncheon.

2019 AAG Lifetime Achievement Honors

Thomas J. Baerwald

Dr. Thomas Baerwald, Geography and Spatial Science Program Director at the National Science Foundation and former AAG President, has had tremendous influence across the entire discipline of geography. After teaching in higher education and ten years working as a science advisor at the Science Museum of Minnesota, Dr. Baerwald was hired to the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 1988 as Program Officer in what was then the Geography and Regional Science (GRS) Program. He has since then held various positions at NSF, including Deputy Assistant Director in the Geosciences Directorate, and also other Division Directorships within NSF. Throughout his career, Dr. Baerwald’s exceptional wisdom, deep commitment to the science and practice of geography, and institutional acumen have advanced the profile of geography and geographical research for more than 30 years.

Dr. Baerwald transformed geography through his excellent guidance of the rigorous and deliberate review process of proposals in geography and geospatial science, funding many scholars to pursue scientific discovery and science education. Dr. Baerwald also developed initiatives and promoted interdisciplinary research, particularly the program on coupled natural and human systems. Moreover, his skill as a leader of inter- and multi-disciplinary programs at NSF has elevated and sustained the profile of the discipline of geography within that institution. Beyond his own areas of special expertise, Tom is well versed in the full range of geographical investigations and has strongly supported social science research.

Dr. Baerwald has been very active in our professional organizations in seminal ways, serving in leadership roles at the regional and national level in the AAG, including as President. While president he initiated several programs of lasting value, and instilled a refreshingly positive attitude regarding diversity. In addition, Dr. Baerwald contributed his organizational and intellectual talents to enhance geography education, from the K-12 level to graduate and post-doctoral levels. He is known for his wise counsel, openness to new ideas, and inclusive policies toward women. As one letter writer stated, “Tom is a gregarious yet humble man, one who prefers to work behind the scenes to enable others to achieve success. His career has completely centered on helping others do great things in geography. He cares deeply about all those whom he interacts with at all levels.”

Dr. Baerwald’s achievements have been recognized over time with numerous, prestigious awards. These include Director’s Awards for Collaborative Integration at the National Science Foundation, and the NSF Director’s Superior Accomplishment Award (2001). He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (since 2003) and fellow of the AAG. He also received AAG’s Distinguished Service Honors in 1997.

Dr. Baerwald’s leadership at NSF and his academic contributions, his diligent advancement of geography and groundbreaking interdisciplinary environmental research at NSF, and his long-term commitment to the AAG define a career of selfless service and accomplishment that have advanced scholarship, science, and practice of geography for decades to come.

Dr. Baerwald’s vision, institutional expertise, and ability to engage the community of geographers put him in a lifetime-achievement league of his own. The AAG proudly confers its 2019 AAG Lifetime Achievement Honors upon Thomas Baerwald.

Joe T. Darden

During his almost half-century long distinguished career, Professor Joe T. Darden of Michigan State University (MSU) has produced seven books and about 160 journal articles and book chapters, and secured significant external grants. His work on residential segregation, housing discrimination, immigration, socio-economic neighborhood inequality in multiracial societies, housing and health care disparity for minorities has exerted influential impacts on geography, urban studies and urban affairs, urban planning, sociology, and political science.

Darden was one of the few African American geographers in the early 1970s and one of its earliest full professors. As an urban social geographer, he devoted his entire career on racial-ethnic segregation and the resulting social inequality that generate racialized socioeconomic, education, employment and gendered locations affecting life chances and outcomes. The broader impacts of his work on racial inequality are reflected in his publications in popular media, his public policy consultation, and his comparative work between the US and Canada. His scholarship has been recognized as interdisciplinary, path-breaking and transformative. He prompts other scholars to think beyond the box by challenging the conventional wisdom and the prevalent paradigms for our field and our society.

Darden is also an effective teacher and a caring mentor for students and junior to mid-career colleagues. His long-standing course, “The Ghetto,” at MSU draws new students into the discipline. Darden’s role as a mentor, however, has gone beyond MSU to countless other students and scholars nationwide. As his nominators and supporters noted, and as can be attested by many, Darden consistently mentored many who were not his students, but who benefited a great deal by his crucial career advice, his support of their development and by serving as a trusted ally to them.

Darden rose fast in the academic and administrative ranks at MSU. He became full professor and the Acting Chair of Department of Urban and Metropolitan Studies in 1980, and Dean of Urban Affairs Programs in 1984. In this capacity, he was able to bring geographical perspectives to urban studies at MSU for 14 years.

Darden is a tireless and vocal leader for inclusiveness and diversity in geography in general and for the AAG in particular. 20 years ago, he led the efforts to advocate for geography departments nationwide to admit and support more students from underprivileged and underrepresented minority groups; and he has provided crucial leadership in such endeavors for both students and faculty by leading the AAG’s Diversity Taskforce. In 2016, he received the AAG’s Harold M. Rose Award for Anti-Racism Research and Practice.

Darden’s influential work has earned him some major academic awards. Among them, he is the recipient of MSU’s Distinguished Faculty Award (1984); the Ethnic Geography Specialty Group’s Distinguished Scholar Award (2006), the AAG Enhancing Diversity Award (2006), and the Distinguished Ethnic Geography Career Award (2015). In 2018 he was elected to the inaugural cohort of AAG Fellows. 

For these reasons and many more, Joe T. Darden is granted the 2019 AAG Lifetime Achievement Honors.

2019 AAG Distinguished Scholarship Honors

A. Stewart Fotheringham

Alexander Stewart Fotheringham, is a renowned spatial scientist. Through his early work on spatial interaction modelling – especially in the context of intervening opportunity – Fotheringham established himself as a foundational contributor to applied methodological developments in spatial analysis.

His co-authored book on Geographically Weighted Regression is a touchstone in the field. Indeed, as one of his nominators asserted “Geographically Weighted Regression will be recognized as one of the most important breakthroughs in Geographic Information Science in the early 21st Century.” The suite of spatial techniques derived from Geographically Weighted Regression is incorporated into powerful spatial analysis engines by ArcMap and the statistical analysis package R, allowing for analysis of some of society’s most pressing problems and the democratization of these potent techniques. This book is part of a long trajectory of formal publishing, which includes a dozen authored, co-authored or edited books, almost 40 book chapters, and about one hundred reviewed articles. Such a record merits recognition as an exemplary scholar.

Dr. Fotheringham has been appointed to Professorships and other administrative positions around the world, and has also received high-level recognition in scientific and social science academies in the United States, the United Kingdom and Europe. He served the European Union Joint Planning Initiative while at the National University of Ireland, and was appointed to numerous Fellowships, visiting Professorships and other scholarly appointments worldwide. His former colleagues all attest to the respect he earned in an array of academic and professional communities.

Fotheringham’s continued commitment to innovation includes work with graduate students on the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) data for the analysis of commuting patterns. Fotheringham’s development of techniques to drive spatial analysis into the era of big data position him in the forefront of analyses of everything from forest fires, cancer clusters, and climate change.

For his pioneering and novel methodological innovations in spatial analysis; for his consistent and continuous commitment to the dissemination of new techniques and empirical findings; for his deep and enduring impact on theoretical and applied literature in Geography; and for his achievements in scholarly and professional domains across the academy, A. Stewart Fotheringham is recognized with the 2019 AAG Distinguished Scholarship Honors.

Helga Leitner

In the course of Helga Leitner’s distinguished career, she has made sustained and significant contributions to human geography as well as the social sciences and humanities more broadly. Her approach to research and scholarship has resulted in applied research that is both theoretically-informed and socially beneficial. Her academic record also demonstrates her extensive mentorship of junior scholars.

As a researcher, Helga’s scholarship has offered theoretical and empirical insights to some of the most critically important phenomena influencing contemporary cities. Her contributions in this area include foundational work on migration and immigration, pioneering studies of the politics of citizenship, and important contributions to (trans)local activism. This work has contributed to a deeply geographical perspective to international debates in social science on citizenship, and speaks to important interdisciplinary debates about identity, transnationalism, and the relational character of places.

Helga has also made sustained and significant contributions to urban theory, including work on entrepreneurial urbanism, urban networking, and urban governance through spatial technologies. She was one of the first human geographers to appreciate the growing interrelationship between economic globalization and the competitive policies of cities. Her research on global urbanism is advancing efforts to internationalize urban theory by challenging Eurocentric epistemologies and contributing to new methodologies of theorization. Her landmark papers include highly cited journal articles in the AnnalsUrban GeographyPolitical Geography, Environment and Planning A, and Progress in Human Geography.

Beyond the considerable impact of her own research, Helga has also played an important role in fostering the next generation of geographers and social scientists. In addition to serving on the editorial boards of several major journals, her commitment to building communities of inquiry and creating spaces of debate and dialogue is illustrated by her extensive and productive mentoring of graduate students and junior faculty. Helga has served on over 120 graduate committees and placed over 20 PhDs in top departments around the world. She has an outstanding record of co-authoring major articles with graduate students. Helga has also facilitated intellectually meaningful engagements between geographers in the Global North and South by spearheading numerous international conferences, seminars, and research collaborations.

In sum, Helga has had a profound effect on theory, practice, and education in geography. In addition to her extraordinary record of published scholarship, she has substantially enhanced the discipline through her decades of dedicated teaching and generous mentoring of early and mid-career geographers. For over three decades, she has modeled exemplary practices of independent scholarship, collaborative endeavors, and professional leadership for the next generation of geographic leaders.

For these reasons, the 2019 AAG Distinguished Scholarship Honors is awarded to Helga Leitner.

2019 AAG Ronald F. Abler Distinguished Service Honors

LaToya Eaves

This year the Ron F. Abler Distinguished Service Honors is given to Dr. LaToya Eaves in honor of the transformative impact she has had on the AAG through her commitment to Black Geographies.

Several years ago, Eaves began convening a series of sessions entitled, “Black Matters are Spatial Matters.” These quickly became some of the most exciting events at AAG conferences, attracting standing-room only crowds who were hungry for a sustained intellectual engagement with Black Studies, and where Black scholars could congregate amidst the whiteness of the AAG. As the sessions became increasingly popular, Eaves took the lead in proposing a Black Geographies Specialty Group (BGSG). According to one nominator, “previous to BGSG, there was no one place where Black Geographers could wholly identify.” The establishment of the BGSG has had a profound impact on the AAG and the discipline of geography and must be recognized as a potential turning point for the discipline. Although there have been other attempts to promote Black geographies, anti-racist scholarship and Black scholars, the BGSG is distinct because it is a liberatory project that not only foregrounds the Black experience, but also attempts to hold geography accountable for its exclusions/inclusions of Black geographies and Black geographers. Moreover, BGSG is an organic formation, developed by and for Black geographers as well as all others interested in studying Black geographies and supporting Black geographers.

Besides providing an institutional home for Black Geographies, Eaves and the BGSG have also compiled a Black Geographies Reading list; organized a BGSG plenary; are developing travel and paper awards for students; and are exploring collaborations with Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Because of the import of Black Geographies, then AAG President Derek Alderman made Black Geographies one of the central themes of the 2018 AAG Meeting in New Orleans. Eaves served as the point person for the theme and made it a central part of the conference. The synergy and impact of the BGSG can also be seen in the development of the Latinx Geography Specialty Group, which was established in 2018. Eaves played an instrumental role in assisting the founders of the LGSG by sharing her experience and materials.

It is hardly a surprise that Dr. Eaves assumed a leadership role in creating the BGSG. She has worked tirelessly for over half a decade to carve out space within the AAG (and geography more broadly) for Black geographies, Black scholarship, and Black scholars. She has done this through institutional advocacy, mentorship, community engagement, and intellectual production. For example, she sat on the AAG Task Force on Diversifying the Curriculum in Geography. In terms of scholarship, she co-edited a special issue of The Southeastern Geographer focused on Black Geographies. As one of her nominators wrote, “Today, one cannot discuss the subfield of Black Geographies without also discussing Eaves…Black Geographies, as we know it today, is a product of Eaves’s professional commitment to Geography.”

Dr. LaToya Eaves makes the AAG an infinitely better organization and we proudly confer the 2019 AAG Ron Abler Distinguished Service Honors upon her.

2019 AAG Gilbert White Distinguished Service Honors

Rebecca Torres

Rebecca Torres is an inspiring and effective public intellectual and scholar activist. Over the last two decades, she has integrated her research, teaching, and service to promote social equity and justice.  Her impressive track record of service to her department, university, and discipline is matched with an equally strong track record of meaningful, substantive public engagement in the communities in which she lives and studies.

Dr. Torres’ academic service covers many fronts.  She is a noted mentor of undergraduate and graduate students both at the institutions where she has worked and more broadly.  She also has nearly two decades of experience helping students engage substantively with questions of social equity and justice through service learning based projects. She has served on numerous campus and disciplinary taskforces and initiatives to enhance diversity and improve the climate for students and scholars of color. In addition, she is the co-organizer of the 9th Race, Ethnicity and Place conference, which took place in Texas in 2018.

Dr. Torres’ record of service outside the university is even more impressive.  For example, while working at East Carolina University, she developed an award-winning community-university partnership — Los Puentes — to create and maintain a bilingual Spanish/English curriculum, which is still expanding to other regions fifteen years after its inception. More recently, her research on rural community development and poverty reduction included a five-year stint collaborating with The Workers’ Defense Fund in Texas, first documenting, and then promoting legislation to address issues such as dangerous working conditions, stolen wages, and social exclusion.  Since 2014, she has put her safety on the line to study and publicize the precarious situation of migrant children at the U.S./Mexico border.  In contributing to scholarly debates about neoliberalism, rural restructuring, migration, and gender, she has simultaneously engaged in substantive action to engage and serve her research communities.

Geographers are increasingly interested in serving as public intellectuals; Rebecca Torres shows us how to do it right. It is for these many reasons that the AAG is proud to recognize Dr. Torres with the 2019 AAG Gilbert White Distinguished Service Honors.

2019 AAG Media Achievement Award

Minelle Mahtani

Minelle Mahtani, the recipient of this year’s AAG Media Achievement Award, is a scholar and communicator who connects geographic scholarship with public discourse. This award recognizes Mahtani’s exceptional contributions as the creator and host of Sense of Place, a daily radio show broadcast from 2015-2018 on Roundhouse Radio in Vancouver, British Columbia, and streamed globally. In her own words, Mahtani’s goal in creating Sense of Place was to: “Produce a show that showcased the in-depth geographical knowledge that informs the injustices that shape our landscapes in the city. I wanted to create a space where academics could share their research in a forum in which they felt respected, heard, understood. I wanted regular columnists who could be Indigenous, Black, people of color where the issues facing their communities could be amplified. Yes, it would be different, but it was the way to develop public dialogue on the issues that mattered to us as geographers.”

Through Sense of Place, Mahtani promoted public dialogue on issues of inclusion and equity. She provided a voice for people and groups who are under-represented on popular and public media. Mahtani fostered discussions of complex issues and challenged listeners to confront uncomfortable topics. As described by a listener, Sense of Place was “bold, unique, brave and truly inspiring.” On Sense of Place, Mahtani melded geographic scholarship with journalism and highlighted the importance of geographical knowledge and Geography’s significant role in addressing pressing political and social concerns. She provided new opportunities for Geography to be understood and appreciated by a broad and diverse audience.

Mahtani is a role model for the engagement of scholars in public discourse. Sense of Place documented the ongoing struggles over inclusion, diversity and place, and the archives of this award-winning radio show provide a continuing resource for educators, students, policymakers, activists and citizens.

For these reasons, Minelle Mahtani has been selected to receive the 2019 AAG Media Achievement Award.

2019 AAG Publication Award

Conference of Latin American Geography

The Conference of Latin American Geography (CLAG) is the premier organization for geographers engaging in research in Latin America and the Caribbean.  The purpose of this group is to foster research, education, and service related to Latin American geographical studies.  CLAG has published various books, proceedings, and special publications, as well as its flagship journal, Journal of Latin American Geography (JLAG).  This is the only geographic publication dedicated to research in Latin America and the Caribbean.

CLAG owns and publishes JLAG in collaboration with Louisiana State University and the University of Texas Press.  The main tasks associated with this journal are completed by CLAG including accepting and reviewing submissions, editing and proofing.  This is time-consuming work but the membership of CLAG believe that it is worth doing and doing well. CLAG’s dedication to a high-quality journal is reflected in every issue, which contains peer-reviewed articles on various aspects of human and physical geography of Latin America.  Each issue also features shorter essays on current events and book reviews.

JLAG is truly international as its authors come from North America, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean and its readership is global.  Because of this unique aspect of the journal, articles and abstracts are published in several different languages including English, Spanish, and/or Portuguese.  In 2017 the digital edition of JLAG logged nearly 29,0000 article views on Project MUSE alone with over 20,000 views of older articles through JSTOR and other resource outlets.

CLAG receives revenues from the journal (both print and digital versions) and a large portion of these proceeds are used for travel and research grants to support graduate students working in Latin America.  The biennial international conference hosted by CLAG also receives support from the JLAG proceeds to help offset costs.  In 2018, for the first time, CLAG collaborated with AAG’s Latin American Specialty Group to sponsor the noted Cuban agroecologist Fernando Funes Monzote as the inaugural “Annual JLAG Lecture” at the AAG Annual Meeting.

JLAG is one of the highest-ranking journals that focuses on Latin American studies.  Google Scholar ranked it sixth among these journals with an h-5 score of 11, placing it higher than other notable journals such as HAHR: Hispanic American Historical Review, and journals that are published by larger, multidisciplinary organizations such as Latin American Research Review.

In sum, CLAG’s dedication and stewardship of JLAG has established it as a premier journal of Latin American studies.  The publication is of high quality and internationally known.  The revenues generated by this publication are used to support student research and travel as well as other quality endeavors that advance CLAG’s mission.

It is for these reasons that CLAG is being awarded the 2019 AAG Publication Award.

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The Chesapeake Bay: Destruction and Rehabilitation in the Nation’s Largest Estuary

It’s another drizzly day on the Chesapeake, and the boat we are on bobs gently on the opaque, mud-colored water. A crusty old crabber from Tangier Island, by the nickname of Captain Cook (use of nicknames is an old and strong tradition on Tangier), has just dropped a scraper overboard and brought up a bunch of seagrass, which is dumped on a sorting table in front of us.

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Captain Cook and the scraper

Our hosts are members of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, and this is their educational boat. “We” are the crew of Hōkūle‘a, the Hawaiian voyaging canoe that recently circled the globe promoting the message of Mālama Honua—take care of the Earth. I met the canoe in Yorktown, Virginia on May 6, 2016. Two guests were already among us—Kirk Havens, the assistant director of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, and his cousin Dan Havens from the Washington Canoe Club. We were joined the next night by the mayor of Tangier Island, James Eskridge (“Mr. Mayor”) and Captain Cook. Together we all set out from Yorktown the morning of May 8. As we approached the mouth of the York River, the great grey expanse of the Chesapeake Bay stretched out before us so far that we could not see the other side.

Because it is one of the earliest sites of continuous European settlement in the U.S., and because of the importance of its ecosystem, the Chesapeake Bay is an excellent example of how modern humans have mismanaged nature’s bounty. The Bay is the largest estuary in the United States, with a 64,000-square-mile watershed feeding fresh water into this salt-water inlet, resulting in a range of aquatic and marine ecosystems. “What makes an estuary more productive than coastal areas,” says Paul Willey, Director of Education Operations for the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and one of our hosts on this trip, “is the mix of fresh and salt waters. But what makes the Chesapeake Bay even more productive is that it’s shallow.” Average depth in the main portion is only about 30 feet, decreasing to 20 feet if you include the tidewater tributaries. “It’s just mind-boggling to think of how productive this bay was, even 150 years ago,” Paul adds.

When Captain John Smith sailed this bay four hundred years ago, the water clarity in the bay was exceptional, thanks to the natural filtration provided by oysters, wetlands, and submerged grass beds. Smith wrote that oysters “lay as thick as stones,” and the fish population included “sturgeon, grampus, porpoise, seals, stingrays … brits, mullets, white salmon [rockfish], trout, soles, perch of three sorts” and a variety of shellfish. The schools of fish could be so massive that at one point Smith and his men attempted to catch them with frying pans.

This was an ecosystem managed, to some degree, by the native peoples who lived in dispersed and shifting settlements throughout the region. Drawing on the bounty of the bay itself, as well as the abundant game on land and in the air, plus a variety of farming practices, the peoples of the Chesapeake left gentle footprints on the region compared with the Europeans who followed them.

The Europeans were colonists—coming with the intent to stay, to acquire and transform land, and to produce wealth in the form of cash money, within the context of the emerging global economy. That method of wealth production is pretty straightforward: find an environmental resource—fish, minerals, agricultural land, forests, whatever—and process it on as large a scale as possible to produce the most goods for sale. 400 years ago the impacts of that process on the planet were relatively small and usually recoverable. 400 years later, the bay is struggling with that very recovery.

Colonists set about clearing forests, plowing fields, spreading fertilizer, and interfering with the streams and waterways. The overflow of sediment and fertilizer, and the increase in streamflow from the reduced forest cover, clouded over the underwater grasses, while the increase of nutrients spawned the growth of microscopic algaes and planktons. This is true of estuaries world wide, and as Robert Carter writes, “The decline of estuaries, without a doubt among the planet’s most important nursery grounds, represents one of humanity’s greatest challenges and most obvious management failures.”

Fish wiers

The waters of the bay seem always to be brown with sediment, especially after a rain. As we made our way towards Tangier Island, we saw numerous fish wiers. These are sticks driven into the shallow bottom, holding nets in a funnel shape that guides fish into heart-shaped net pockets. This is the same technology used by Indians, as shown in this 16th-century drawing. The Indians began teaching the Europeans how to do it as early as 1608. Even today, the method is taught by oral tradition.

We didn’t reach Tangier Island that first night, but pulled in at Reedville. Here a Maine sea captain named Elijah Reed had set up shop to fish the vast school of menhaden. A member of the herring family, menhaden are filter-feeders that thrive on zooplankton and phytoplankton, thereby providing a key role in the Chesapeake ecosystem. They are an oily fish, not generally eaten by humans, but processed into fish meal, fish oil and fertilizer. Their incredible abundance in the mid 19th-century turned Reedville into one of the world’s leading fishing ports, with a per capita income among the highest in the United States.

That was then. Today Reedville looks like an odd mix of ghost town, fishing town, and suburb. The menhaden were declared overfished in 2012, owing mostly to the water quality of the bay. Factories have come and gone, leaving rotting carcasses of old warehouses and crumbling remnants of towers where ospreys make their nests. But sprawling old homes speak to the former wealth of the town, and fishing ships are still present. Reedville is also one of the few places where one can catch a ferry to Tangier Island. Master navigator Nainoa Thompson himself, and his entourage of two, joined us here.

In the grey haze and ultimately rain of the next day, we set out for Tangier. “Where are you from?” Mr. Mayor asked me. I told him I was born and raised in Washington, D.C. but that I now live in Baltimore. “Oh,” he said, and looked at his feet. “Then I guess you must be used to being around a whole lot of people.”

Tangier map

Tangier is one of a small group of islands forming a remote outpost in the Chesapeake Bay. It has a population of about 470 people, down from about 1,500 a century ago. Captain John Smith came across these islands in 1608. The island has had a colorful history since then, including a distinct dialect of Tidewater English closer to its British roots than mainstream USA. Much has been written recently about Tangier because of the conflicts over the crabbing industry—the mainstay of the island—and because the island, like the land all around and in the bay, is sinking due to tectonic forces. As such, it provides a model for climate-change-induced sea level rise.

We entered a sea-scape the likes of which I had never seen before: little houses and piers out in the water and all around us. I still think of Tangier Island as the “Venice of the Chesapeake.” We pulled up to the dock in the rain, set up a tarpaulin over the deck, and welcomed the scores of school children that had come to see Hōkūleʻa. Later that evening, after dinner and ceremony, a group of local kids were seated in a circle, along with Nainoa and some of the senior people from the canoe. The older voyagers spoke of the bay, of mālama honua, and of what voyaging has to teach about life on small islands. The young people asked questions, and spoke of their own concerns for the future. One senior member, quoting Mau Piailug’s lesson of how a navigator must “see the island”—the destination—in his or her mind when one starts out on a voyage, told them “you’re already on the canoe, and the future is a distant island. The question is, what kind of future do you want to see? Envision that ‘island,’ and raise it from the sea.”

Hōkūleʻa docked at Tangier Island

We stayed in dormitories of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation on neighboring Point Isabel, and the next day were taken out in one of their boats with Captain Cook to scrape the sea bed. Once the scrapings had been dumped on a sorting table, we were told to set about sorting through the grass to see what we could find. The question posed to us was, How does the health of the bay seem, based on what you see here?

Little baby crabs went skittering all over the place. Pipefish—a relative of the seahorse—wriggled about and were dumped into a large, clear jug of bay water, along with small shrimp and curious bug-like creatures. It looked like abundance, but of course we have no way of knowing how rich it would have been 400 years ago.

Our guides Paul and Page explained the importance of the sea grass and the health of the bay, and how the teaming life on the table in front of us reflected a healthy area, thanks to efforts to reduce the pollutants. “We’re at the southern limit of eelgrass,” Paul explains. “Any one degree of temperature increase moves that boundary north.”

“Eelgrass is a productive habitat and nursery area for a lot of smaller species.” Kirk Havens added, “Decrease the water clarity and we lose the eelgrass. Bigger species, such as water fowl, feed on the smaller species, so there’s a feedback loop.”

Aquarium tank at right contains oysters, which have filtered the cloudy water in that tank. Tank at left contains the same water, but no oysters.

Water clarity was brought home to us at our next stop, a subsidiary campus of Longwood University on Northern Neck Virginia. Two aquarium tanks had been filled with water from the inlet that morning. In one tank, there was nothing but water. In the other tank, there were live oysters. Near the end of the day, the difference between the two tanks was stark. The first one was still cloudy, while the second one had become clear, thanks to the filter-feeding oysters.

Oysters provide three key benefits to the bay: first, they build reefs—massive structures that help stabilize sediment flow. Second, these reefs of alkaline shells provide a chemical buffer against the acidic freshwater that enters the bay, thereby enabling the survival of many marine invertebrates that in larval form need the right pH to survive. And third, they feed on the phytoplankton and zooplankton, cleaning the waters. In fact, biologists have recently estimated that when Captain John Smith sailed here, oysters were so plentiful that they filtered the entire bay once a week. Add to that the massive schools of filter-feeding menhaden and you have pristine waters, clear down to 20 feet or more.

The Indians of the Chesapeake ate oysters, but their technology—and perhaps their sense of balance with nature—limited their ability to harvest them to shallower waters. Early colonists followed suit. But in the 1830s and 40s, the discovery of deeper oyster reefs coupled with the advent of new technologies to harvest, can the oysters and transport them turned the Chesapeake Bay into “a maritime version of the Wild West.” This history is recounted by Dr. Henry M. Miller of Historic St. Mary’s City, and powerfully displayed at the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum in St. Michaels, Maryland. Harvest reached 20 million bushels in the 1880s.

View of Tangier Island as Hōkūleʻa approaches.

Again, it is the typical story of modern economics: find a resource and exploit it to the maximum extent possible. And the story ends as they so often do: the resource was over-exploited to the point of depletion, the ecosystem was altered and weakened, and then (in this case) some introduced diseases further devastated the bay’s oysters. As Miller states, “Today, virtually nothing is left of the abundant oyster bars and reefs of the past. Although efforts are being made to restore the native oysters, introduce non-native oyster species, and expand oyster farming, it is uncertain whether they will meet with success. The Chesapeake oyster industry is a classic example of a recurring tendency in human history: use it until it is gone.”

Fortunately efforts to improve the health of the bay have increased in the past few decades, as the extent of the crisis affected more and more industries. But as the country’s largest estuary, the watershed—not to mention the airshed—of the bay is enormous, encompassing several different states and state governments. When efforts began in the 1980s, each jurisdiction made its own rules independently, and they were all voluntary. In 1998, the Chesapeake Bay Foundation (CBF) published the first “State of the Bay,” a report card on the Bay’s health. They graded it a 27 on a scale of 100. Lawsuits have been filed against the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for not using its authority to set pollution limits. In 2010, the EPA and its partners developed “the landmark Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), setting limits on the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment that can enter the Bay and its tidal rivers to meet water quality goals.” A 2010-2025 blueprint was set in place. This year the CBF published its Midpoint assessment report. Many goals have been met, many have not, but there is progress.

At our departure, the Longwood University folks gave us each a fossil shark tooth, which had eroded out of a cliff further up the Potomac. A reminder of how the Earth changes over time, even without human interference. A lesson on how careful we have to be to maintain the bounteous balance that we have, while we can. Mālama honua.

DOI: 10.14433/2017.0049

References:

1 Robert Carter, Epilogue, in Helen C. Rountree, Wayne E. Clark and Kent Mountford, eds., John Smith’s Chesapeake Voyages, 1607-1609. University of Virginia Press, 2007.

https://www.hsmcdigshistory.org/pdf/Oyster.pdf

(Photos by RDK Herman, except where noted.)

Hōkūleʻa sailing towards Tangier Island (Nà’Àlehu Anthony for Oiwi TV)

 

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